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In March 2024, archaeologists from the National Center for Archaeology excavated a large number of well-preserved, waterlogged plant bundles from the tomb's outer coffin chamber. On-site, the plant bundles could be seen tightly wrapped in broad leaves and tied with plant-fiber cords.
A team of researchers led by the National Center for Archaeology, IVPP, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences examined 12 of the bundles and found that the wrapping leaves came from oak trees, while the cords were made from grasses.
The bundles mainly contained rice, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and cereal seeds, most of which were still in their husks and mixed with inflorescence material. Small amounts of peppercorn, mallow and rice-field weed seeds were also found.
The fact that the bundles were found in a tomb and mainly contained grains still in their husks suggests they were not everyday food, but offerings intended for funerary rituals. "This might reflect a Warring States-era belief that grains served as wealth for the dead in the underworld," Ge Yong, an associate researcher at the IVPP and the study's corresponding author, told the Global Times.
A Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC) text describes a belief that "soybeans were gold and millet was money" for the dead, indicating that grains held symbolic significance in funerary culture. "The bundles therefore appear to have been ritual offerings prepared for the deceased," Ge said, "not food for the living."
The physical structure of the bundles also resembles that of zongzi, with grains wrapped in leaves and tightly secured with plant-fiber cords. "Similar practices of wrapping grains for burial have also been found elsewhere within the Chu cultural sphere," Ge said, "such as at the Chengyangcheng Site."
At the Chengyangcheng archaeological site in Henan Province, rice and broomcorn millet were also discovered wrapped in oak leaves. "An interesting fact is that we can still find zongzi wrapped with the same oak leaves now in regions related to the Chu cultural sphere."
"The findings suggest that wrapping grains as funerary offerings was a relatively common practice in the Chu state during the Warring States period," Ge said. "And this practice may have been an early form of the zongzi later associated with the legend of Qu Yuan."
These plant bundles share a structure similar to that of modern zongzi and to those described in legends and folklore. This might reflect how, through cultural exchange and heritage, these 2,200-year-old plant bundles likely evolved over centuries, shifting from sacrificial offerings to food, said Ge.
As diverse regional populations adapted the practice, it eventually transformed into the well-known Dragon Boat Festival tradition of eating zongzi. Thus, this structural resemblance might suggest a potential historical lineage; however, experts stressed that the Wuwangdun bundles should not simply be labelled as ancient zongzi.
"We can't define these plant bundles as the earliest zongzi, but rather, we can confirm that by 2,200 years ago at the latest, the Chu region had established a tradition of using this specific form of plant bundles for funeral rites. And this tradition could be a possible origin or precursor of the well-known zongzi," said Ge.
He added that the discovery provides critical physical evidence to explore the origins of zongzi and its cultural heritage.
。 本报讯 记者陈晶涛报道 7月16日至17日，区政协调研组就南票区规上企业运行情况开展调研。
B | 调研组一行先后来到国帝药业有限责任公司、市金星暖气片厂、市丰达新碳材料有限公司及市兴达冶炼厂进行实地调研，并与企业负责人就企业发展情况和生产规模、管理模式和企业文化、生产产能和设备引进、经营方式和销售渠道、产品研发创新和生产标准，以及目前遇到的问题等进行详细交流。 在座谈会上，区政协主席李红玉出席并讲话；副区长刘鹏出席座谈会，并就全区规上企业运行情况进行了分析。 座谈中调研组指出，全力抓好和推进规上企业发展是推进全区经济高质量发展的重要举措，相关部门要大力引导企业实施技术改造升级和产业链融合，坚持创新驱动，优化产品升级，在攻坚克难、不断创新中积蓄强劲动力，以高附加值产品助力企业高质量发展；要持续优化营商环境，不断提高相关服务水平，加大助企解难解困力度，落实落细惠企政策，为企业高质量健康发展“保驾护航”。
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